The Tutsi People: A History in Rwanda and Burundi

The Tutsi people, an ethnic group inhabiting present-day Rwanda and Burundi, have a rich and complex history. Despite making up only 14% of the population in each country, the Tutsi have historically held power and social superiority over the Hutu majority.

Photo credit: Britannica

Prior to colonialism, Rwanda was ruled by a Tutsi-dominated monarchy, with Tutsi pastoralists maintaining power over Hutu agriculturalists. This social hierarchy was perpetuated by German and Belgian colonizers, who favored the Tutsi due to their lighter skin and more refined features.

The arrival of Roman Catholic missionaries in the late 19th century further complicated the dynamics between Tutsi and Hutu. As Tutsi resisted conversion, missionaries found success among the Hutu, leading to land confiscation and reassignment from Tutsi to Hutu tribes.

Photo credit: Ibiene Magazine

Both colonial powers allowed only Tutsi to participate in government and receive education, fueling resentment among the Hutu majority. In the 1920s, Belgians required ethnic identification and classification, further entrenching divisions.

In 1959, Belgium reversed its stance, allowing the majority Hutu to assume control of the government through universal elections. This marked a significant turning point in the region's history.

Photo credit:Volcanoes National Park

The history of the Tutsi people serves as a reminder of the lasting impact of colonialism and the dangers of ethnic division. Understanding this history is crucial in navigating the intricate dynamics of Rwanda and Burundi's shared past.

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